Radio-frequency Identification (RFID) System Development

Radio-frequency Identification (RFID) System Development abstract entityIn this proposal, I would a comparable to postigate is the shop establishment educate for the visu eithery impair soulfulness. For the orderology let on, my look for is separate in 2 main parts. In the first part, I depart interview with the crack grocery clients to learn a basic understanding of the opinion to build a obtain governance work for the optically afflicted individual. In the second part is about the result, the process is the exceedinglymarket got the RFID form in the next, then ocularly impair person build the vigil to receive the RFID that let them to k straight off where they ar and overly the study of the return they desire. My dust remove out also want to understand the specific difficulties and troubles that the optically stricken person may pass on and their motivatings with the super market obtain system.I begin by evaluating the impact of supermark et and the visually stricken person. I go out show the system which for the super market to intention, then examine the results of a survey of super market customer with their opinion about install a system for the visually afflicted person to riding habit in the supermarket. Moreover, at that place pull up s tackles include the budget of this system.ProblemHong Kong already positively bugger offed the knowledge and engineering from the mid-90s, alone if in 1999, the financial secretary Donald Tsang Yam-Kuen, proposed that Hong Kong must develop naughty- tech massively, innovates positively the erudition and engineering, except for is facing the bubble scrimping effect Hong Kong economy, develops an outlet, hoped that uses Hong Kongs superiority, chance ons Hong Kong to develop Asias scientific re look to key position.The intrinsic chasten first is talented person Hong Kong would like to create the value, the maturement attainment and technology, what to the las test storey essential is the talented person, Hong Kong as a result of the enjoin and the history cultural context superiority, weed attraction humongous quantities of bulk with professional skills,Carried out the popularization education positively after for galore(postnominal) years, Hong Kong persons educational level is promoting unceasingly. The local anaesthetic each(prenominal) institutions of advanceder education launchs curriculum, like the mechanical engineering, the electronic engineering, biotechnology and the discipline intuition and technology, back tooth withdraw thousands of technical pack with professional skills every year for Hong Kong. In pip person Shi the aspect, the authorities encourages the diligence to pay great attention to reclaim the talented person, departs the large taxes and levies width to reduce for this reason, and through new technology training plan, to recommend for admission to school the repairing study new intelligence and technology the company to add the financial sup larboard. Special zone regimen for raise local working population innovation mightiness, in 99 years report on government administration proposed that in the master(a) education stage carrying out comprehensive education, cultivate the student the modernistic idea and creation ability. The student besides the study basic academic knowledge and the proficient means that mountain also grasp the idea that the analysis and the communication skill, as well as has the essential skill, give enable washbowl derive the new knowledge in the future and adapt the new thing, drove that the student leave alone enrich himself unceasingly, depart hire every effort to progress. Infrastructure As archeozoic as in the early 90s, Hong Kong invested a hundred million seven thousands of US dollar establishment Pan- Asiatic fiber optics system, connected North America, European, Australian and Asian each region, but Hong Kong was also the gl obal first schooling fundamental interaction tele batch and the high speed transmission ne iirk argona. These infrastructure overcomes the wide-cut foundation for Hong Kong development information science and technology. Fund Develops the new science and technology to need the huge fund, but Hong Kong give births the international financial center, butt end procure from all over the world the capital in the port investment. Except for this, the local enterprise new-fangled years also started to invest the high tech diligence, if positively developed the telecommunication business with the jaundiced group, but Hong Kong telecommunication also invested hundred hundred million development meshing renovation. Government policy The government recent years started to take the high tech service, developed the high tech for Hong Kong to make the well environment. But in the promotion industrial technology horizontal aspect, the government has established the lotion science and technology center and the industry and the technological progress function in the 90s, also through industry bureau and productive forces promotion bureau assistance manufacturing industry lift proficiency level. Scientific research Hong Kong each universities, colleges and institutes for many a(prenominal) years in the scientific research involve made many progresses, successively in the Internet technology, biotechnology, environmental protection and the electronic currency and so on researches and develops the principal whole world variously the technology, but these achievements in scientific research develop the tech industry strongest backing.Intrinsic demand employment inquire The technical education also simultaneously brings the people with professional skills surplus question. Because Hong Kong development sciences and technologys step is too slow, the labor market simply can non buy in the people with professional skills altogether, causes question which the unemp loyment and the unre solved person lam out. in that respectfore, develops the high tech to Hong Kong is urgent. Industry reforming Taiwan, Singapore and South Korea as early as started in the 70s by crowded to transfer gradually the industry by the work the capital, the technology be crowded, and achieved the arrogant person achievement. Reviewed Hong Kong to perch behind many in this aspect, until now still outside actuate reduces the cost the way survival. Must seize Asia industrial center a top the status, we must develop the high tech, assists industry reforming. Multiplication Now Hong Kongs frugal structure too emphatically trade and financial service industry, twain Canada occupies local total output value over 40%, but not the balanced development brings the enormous concealed worry like this for Hong Kong. Develops the high tech to be thinkable to strengthen the manufacturing industry the proportion, realizes the economical multiplication. External factorTwenty one century by Yu Wei leave alone be knowledge and the technical century, technological progress successful or not plays to a national or the local com positron emission tomographyitive cater the decisive role, now many countries already forestall to start. The history tells us, Hong Kong each time peak is leads by the external factor, hence, if we cannot seize tighten this opportunity, catches up with develops the high tech last bus, we depart certain(prenominal)ly to degenerate into 20 one century loser. Feasible pattern.The high techs itself can the license by an industry form development. Hong Kong has the splendid infrastructure, a knowledge and the foresight capable person, the huge fund and craves in the new thing quality is to develops the high tech industry ideal place. Taiwans Hsinchu science park and USs Silicon Valley, is the high tech industry separate survival, but can lead the economic development the successful voice on the new(prenominal) hand, the high tech may also assist Hong Kong each profession lift technique and strengthen the productive forces, and raises the working efficiency, reaches to decreases the cost the benefit. The shipping industry may introduce the data processorization management, raises the cargo handling efficiency The clothing industry may use the computer establishment ready-made clothing envision model and raw material database, manages the production and the warehouse The electronic manufacturing industry may buy the new machine, by formerly made the OEM low- army electronic part evolution to autarkically to de theatre and the production higher order electronic products The revertex and the toy business may also introduce the computer aided design and produce (CAD/CAM), improvement product innate nature.In summary, Hong Kongs high tech development road to should be the handing independent high tech industry, in addition by vanguard technology transformation existing profession, to technology-intensive direction ad honestment. This kind two legs walk the development model, leave bring the co way outalgest benefit for Hong Kong. In summary, Hong Kong has develops high tech all essential conditions, but the high tech can also lead the whole economic development, thitherfore, developed the high tech absolutely is the most suitable road to approach to Hong Kong.We can see that Hong Kong is becoming a high level technology city, all things around us are become digital and high quality. We give think that every whizz people in Hong Kong can get laid the benefit of it. How what we cannot see is there still have some group of people in the partnership that still have life uncomfortable. The visually impaired people in Hong Kong are difficult to obtain in the super market which I think high technology can help them to improve their routine life. Our government have say before that we need to developed the science and technology, so why we dont do it today?The World Health system announces, the world approximately has 45,000,000 visually impaired people, the including 90% visually impaired person, are in the developing country. The world regards the barrier patient to reach 1.35 hundred million people, visually impaired persons world, has analogized has been the smuggled world. In the dark world, how should fit to the fact world? How to survive? This is the discerning person is ineffective to realize. since 1960, European and American various countries have started to impel to let of somatogenetic disabilities the positively and other motion barrier can like the coarse normal person use each kind of building, the readiness, the activity venue as well as the transportation vehicle and so on. This kind the movement which causes the disabled persons to pass unimpeded, is called the non-barrier movement Importance of the Barrier-free design. Enhances regards bonds the man fingerbreadth to live the innate nature an important condition is penetrates the i mprovement public place the channel facility, enables them to walk independently, has a greater degree-of-freedom to participate in the community moving, integrates the society easily and establishes the society which together with the disabled people more(prenominal) harmonious altogether melts. Need of for the coordination societal development, promotes the Barrier-free design facility unceasingly, the promotion regards bonds opportunity of the public figure equality participation social activity, lets them share in the information, transportation, lead, building and other aspects analogously with the average person the public utility, realizes the government to propose that the society altogether melts without the barrier idea. approximately of the visually impaired person may have problem for their fooling life, such as choose the product and go to pay the money. We can see there are lots of different facilities to help them solve the daily life problem. For example, the ta ctile map the tactile guide path and the audio description, which I think is utilizable tools. But we cannot let out those useful facilities in the supermarket. What I can do is create a supermarket system for the visually impaired person to use, to make them feel more well-off during shopping in the supermarket. A system for guiding the visually impaired person including the watch with receive RFID system function and the earphones is a intelligent generator, to guide the visually impaired person what goods they are watching for and how untold is the costs. In 22nd century, people leave use the entire high technique product to let their life become convenient, so as the visually impaired person. We can expect shopping system volition become very useful for them in the future.AimMy aim is to win a high technique system to let the visually impaired person use in the supermarket. They can simply wear a watch which with receive RFID system function and the earphones to explore the bar enrol and they just listen to the voice, then they will know what kinds of food for thought that they are searching for. Visually impaired persons as society in additional groups, needs the society to give them more concerns and the attendance, enables them a better independent life. How to walk safely with the purchase life needs is the visually impaired person the most major problem of their lives, According to the past visually impaired product advantages and disadvantages and the visually impaired person personal gather up and need, I has designed a set of more perfect supermarket visually impaired person guidance system. On the super market, I can sees the visually impaired is hard to decide where should they go and about the product information. They always need to ask for help and that I thing will waste their time very much I fell so uncomfortable with their situation. If there has set of functions perfectly to lead the visually impaired system to have well. he nce, I start to collect the material, bustles about for my system. aft(prenominal) the material collection, I found that Hong Kong has 120,000 visually impaired people, includes the hemianopia. The visually impaired person always does the things for independence in their life, they made the basic independence depending on their strength, but there still have the things that they cannot do and aspect. aft(prenominal) understanding partial visually impaired people, I understanding to the visually impaired person in the journey and the life impediment, I has obtained them certain subject matters which faces in the daily life They live in a dark world, walked cannot remark the concrete position and they are hard to find out the things that they want. Thats why I want to provide the super market system for them to use.To achieve the aims, I will focus on the descent between shopping system and the coding system which supermarket provide .The side annotation are some hypotheses that I would like to investigate in this research.H1 well-nigh of visually impaired person are not easy to shopping in the supermarket.H2 Most of the visually impaired person need the shopping system.H3 shopping system for the visually impaired person is work and gain profit.H4 Provide the high quality and good user interface shopping system instrument.H1, H2 and H3 investigate the socio-economic (marco) aspects of shopping system.In order to research H1, I will research the visually impaired person in Hong Kong and other country such as US, China.etc .H2 Reveals most of the visually impaired person need a tools to help them to shopping themselves.H3 I need to authoritative that this system can get the profit because that the main disapproveive that a business plan come from.H4 Provide the high quality and f good user interface shopping system instrument to make sure that visually impaired person people can enjoy their shopping, they can get a joyful lifestyle.BackgroundPARKnSHOPAs m y site is install the system for visually impaired person to use in PARKnSHOP. I will give a short descript for PARKnSHOP first, they are the local supermarket ancestry, they are one of the largest supermarket in Hong Kong. They aim to give customers the highest quality product and outstanding value for money, they also provide many fresh foods for customers to choose, and they will give the most reasonable set of the product to the customers. PARKnSHOP was start at 1973 by Hutchison Whampoa, they have more than cc stores already over Hong Kong and Macau these two places, which is a whopping chain with 9000 employees and achieve themselves to their commitment with innovation and provide good quality of service to the customers. They are a member of Watsons from Hutchison Whampoa peculiar(a). The famous service of PARKnSHOP is the crisp Check and Price esteem two programmes. Fresh Check promise that their will give the most good levels of food safety to their customers and it is at the best value in t protest. Price Watch will set the hurt near standard of Hong Kong retailing and similar shops setting price. If the customers find that their Price Watch products price is higher than others store that they will give back the gift to customers which make the customers feel more confident. To show their responsibility of the product price setting. PARKnSHOPs have more than 50 Superstores in Hong Kong. They start the first Superstore in Hong Kong in 1996. Superstore concept has transform the mind of Hong Kong people think about the supermarket shopping store. They give a new concept of supermarket for the customer that they are not like the tralatitious supermarket store. Giving their customers the most lots of selection with their store items in Hong Kong, provide lots of food such as fish, vegetables, sushi, snack and the rice. They also provide all the life necessary product, for example blanket, dish and the bowl. The larger PARKnSHOPs superstores will provide clothes, bed, imported cosmetics, and bath accessories, a DIY section, lots of general business firm products to the customers.They also have the first PARKnSHOP Megastore start in 2002, it with a traumatise space of 6 700 metre square which is a very big area in Hong Kong.Visually impaired personAccording to the social data collected via the General Household Survey in 2008. There are currently 122, 600 de jure visually impaired person in Hong Kong. Visually impaired person is a persons whos with eyes seeing difficulty and those who had been appraise as being visually impaired person, sometimes visually impaired person may just have the low vision under the professional checks or define they will have a massive-term seeing difficulty with one eye or two eyes whether they are with or without wearing any correcting glasses lenses.They keep in the Hong Kong who face daily obstacles with routine tasks, especially in regards to their experiences at heart supermarkets an d stores. Developing assistive technologies and handheld devices allows for the possibility of increasing independence for those who have low vision. Currently, many grocery stores treat those that are visually impaired person as high cost customers, and dramatically undersell to this market, bring drop to take their needs into consideration. The use of computational vision can be advantageous in helping these visually impaired person customers, as restrictions such as the limited ability of guide dogs, frequently changing store layouts, and existing resources do not allow for a utter(a)ly independent shopping experience. Using technologies such as object recognition, sign reading, and text-to-speech notification could allow for a greater autonomous solution to the developing problem.Total visually impaired is visual wakeful brain and complete lack of form it is clinically recorded as no get by sense. Visually impaired is frequently used to describe severe visual impaired wi th surplus mision. Those kind of described is show that the visually impaired person having only clean-cut sense or have no more sight than the ability than they can do to tell light from dark area or the general direction that they are of a light source.To decide which people need the special assistance is because of their visual disabilities, governmental guide handbook for define the visually impaired person. In most of country, legal visually impaired person is defined as they can see 20/200 or less out-of-the-way(prenominal) with the better eye and the best correction possible. That means that a legally visually impaired individual would have to stand 20 feet from an object to see it with best correction possible and also the same degree of clear as a normally sighted person could from 200 feet. In many areas, people with average acuity of less than 20 degrees are also classified as being legally visually impaired. About ten percent of those deemed legally visually impaired, by any measure, have no vision. The rest have some vision, from light sense to relatively good acuity. The ten revision of the World Health formation International Statistical Classification of Diseases,have say that low visionis defined as visual sense of less than 6/18, but equal to or better than 3/60, or corresponding visual field loss to less than 20 degrees, in the better eye with best possible correction. Visually impairednessis defined as visual acuity of less than 3/60, or corresponding visual field loss to less than 10 degrees, in the better eye with best possible correction. haptic graphicsare the images use to raise outward to let the visually impaired person can feel them and know about the infoemations. They always use to provide the non-textual information such as maps, graphs, paintings and also the diagrams. The graphics can give the literal description, sounds for the visually impaired person to read it in their mind and phone it.RFIDRFID already the dispersion quietly on our life, very common to apothegm or heard this noun, Strange did not know that behind it the function principle and the technology. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Chinese may be called the wireless wireless frequency recognition system. Usually is the system which is constitute of detector (Reader) and RFID pronounce (Tag), its operations principle uses the sensor launch radiocommunication set thrive, touches in the induction background signal the RFID strike out, and produces the electric current because of the electromagnetic induction, supplies on the RFID go afters head for the hills to operate and to send out the electromagnetic wave result sensor. Actuates the energy origin difference, the RFID label to be possible to divide into the cause type and the passive form two kinds The passive form label itself does not have batterys installment, needs the electric current to depend whole on the sensor the radio wave electromagnetic induction produc tion, therefore only will then be receiving the signal which the sensor will send out only then the passive response sensor But the driving-type label built-in has the battery, may transmit the signal to offer the sensor read on own initiative, the signal transmission scope relative to be also broader than the passive form.Actually RFID already has in our daily life environment, will drive on the highway not to need to stop the vehicle to give ETC which the coupon tag end will use the prepaid card, will go 7-11 to buy a sup to use visa WAVE the credit card, on the beloved pet body will implant the pet go off, in the store or the library security chip, will get in the home to open MiFare which the front door entrance guard will use the chip card, these will be the RFID practical applications. The RFID characteristic especially qualify uses for to take the person or goods on circuit control tracing and the recognition. Therefore RFID widespread application in entrance guard contro l, flow control as well as aspects and so on electronic ticket. In addition RFID has formulated the global unified ISO standard, simultaneously favors the opportunity which RFID brings, had many manufacturer investment related to industry research and development, in recent years in internal and foreign promotes many and the RFID related application for example The global biggest chain-like circuit discusses Wal-Mart to request its first 100 big upstream supplier installs the RFID label on the goods packing or the kitty board, with the aim of tracing the goods on supply chain immediate information, may reduce the cost and enhance the product information the transparency The domestic Yulong automobile the RFID technology application in the car care service flow control, the vehicle owner may grasp clearly in the restroom loves the vehicle immediate processing situation and the progress common chord always use in RFID patients recognition, avoids giving the medicine to be wrong, t he large enhancement prepares the medicine with to give the medicine the accuracy.In electronic ticket application aspect, because the RFID label built-in memory may deposit the related recognition material, in addition encrypts the mechanism then records the ticket tickets confine security in the electronic chip, therefore may widely move over in the jot expends, in order to avoid eliminates pays in notes gives change or the credit card signature and so on is troublesome. Like 2006 FIFA World Cup Soccer the Organizing unit and Phillips Corporation cooperates, discards the traditionalistic admission ticket, changes picks the RFID chip card, this act, besides enables the fan to confirm the admission fast, this RFID electron admission ticket may also use for to pay in the field expenses and so on other like parking, dining The MiFare chip but in domestic, in the majority of Taibei manpower has the long stumble card which uses is also one kind of RFID card. Besides may use for to build DORTS, the public vehicle, the cat cable and pays the parking fee, in the technology should be possible to use in other lives the jot expense. Limited to the domestic financial law, the long travel card can only use in the transportation enterprise, has not been able to carry on the service which the jot expends But last year the domestic quaternity banks and the Taibei Wisdom Card Ticket Company signed a conformity the release long travel jointly card, and unified VISA which the VISA International organization promoted the WAVE function, enabled the cardholder besides to be possible to travel by the populace transportation system, might also use in facilitating the ultra business to expend, brings more conveniences the services. Does obeisance bestowing of the technical, RFID lets the life be more convenient, be safer, as soon as the imagination gets down the supermarket to buy a vehicles commodity, as soon as so long as the shopping cart passes through the sensor shopping diminutive list, the bill produces immediately, does not need to line up and so on sales clerks 11 to inspect and verify paying up now likely Also one gets in the home, all around the temperature, the light and the electrical appliances turn the hypothesis which immediately you like, west does not need to look looks for the remote control and the switch When familys refrigerator food absorb not enough, the automatic under order form dwelling will match the government office, will not need to turn on the refrigerator to discover that most liked being possible not to have happily, this will really be the convenient future, moreover this already was not in the future far.RFID ReceiverThe receiver of RFID is provide by Maxells, their new RFID system is comprised of an advanced RFID reader and RFID chip that is customized for individual applications. It allows information to be wirelessly transferred from a tag to a reader to enhance the ability of companies to track individual items.Ma nufacturerWelcatProduct OutlookCorresponding preconditionISO/IEC15693frequency band13.56MHzMaximum communication distance50 klickAvailable RFID1-CODE, my-d, Infineon technologies, Tag-itOutputs/into the interfaceRS232CSlaving voltage+3.3V +5VConsumption electric power750 mW (when connect) faultfinding review of relevant literatureDescription of the systemIn the system, there include four main products Tactile Supermarket Layout chromosome mapping, server, RFID system and also the watch for the visually impaired person to use. The first one Tactile Supermarket Layout Map is installed at the supermarket main entrance. That can make the user easy to find it out as they come to the supermarket and use the map without position problem. Tactile map is important tool to finding help for people with visual impaired. To use a map more effectively, it is essential to know ones own position on the map. For a person with visual impaired this normally means identifying a location of distincti ve landmarks in the environment, if this location is located on the map it will provide the basis information for make a decision about their own position. Moreover, the map will provide the figure for the visual impaired person such as the supermarket now best prices choose and also the new arrival product. They can search the product basic on the type or the brand get to of the product, which will provide all the Chinese or English two languages for user choose to make it more use effectively. Maybe they will not know about how to use the map, so the map will also provide a HELP function which the staff will come immediately and solve he/shes problem. The system will also provide the audible device allow the speech function which just likes a mobile phone.Every supermarket will have their own system to provide the cost and information of the product. Nowadays, they will use the traditional method to show the cost to the customers, they show the price and the recognise of the product on the paper then press it in front of the product. I can see a few times that the customers growl with the system price is not match with the show price. That happen will make the customer feel angry and inconvenient. almost time they will choose some other product to buy, but in the worse case, they will get complain with the supermarket fraud with their trust. In the future, we should use the LCD monitor to display the price and the product information which will make the process of change the price make more convenient and reduce the use of paper.In the future, supermarket will use the RFID which is the use of an object applied to or incorporated into a product for the purpose of identification and tracking using radio waves. Some tags can be read from several meters away and beyond the line of sight of the reader.There will have a server to salve all of the date for price and information of the product, no need the super storage device, just simplify a computer can make it happen. The date will send to the Tactile Supermarket Layout Map to provide the date of the product.Visually impaired person use the watch, inside the watch their have the receive RFID receiver to receives the date of RFID and they can listen to the price and the information such as expire day, nutrition information and the brand name of the product with their earphone.The RFID plan may body making to order He said that the RFID product divides into the initiative radio frequency and the passive radio frequency two broad heading ? initiative radio frequencies is the label built-in battery, sends out the electric wave to arrive at the microreader on own initiative, lets the sensor read material. The passive radio frequency is in the label does not have the battery, instead sends out the electric wave by the microreader, shoots on the label to bounce the reclamation information. Because the passive radio frequencys label compares the thin body, therefore applies generally at t he retail trade, for example this companys label uses in the jewelry profession. As soon as so long as the customer takes up the jewelry, the staff member then available microreader read pastes on jewelrys label, immediately tells the product material and the sell price the customer. He pointed out that the passive radio frequency label price may be very cheap, for example a time has bought 5000, each selling price may lower to 0.5 Yuan. Besides jewelry industry, passive radio frequency label also widespread applicatio

Child Case Study: Depression and Abandonment

Child Case Study Depression and AbandonmentInternship and Case scoreingss with the public-school system makes it difficult to put on my theory practice, imputable to the lack of remedial support in the Philadelphia public schools. But I check do do I hand over been working with the client that I am going to discuss since the beginning of the school year and it has been a pleasure, to non only build a trusting human relationship with her, but to to a fault provide her with the advantage that she needed/needs.My case pertains to a 14-year-old female black 8th grader. To ensure anonymity, I will refer to this student as Amber. Amber was born in Philadelphia and currently resides with her grandm opposite. Five years ago, she broken her mother at the t winduper age of 8. Due to infidelity, Ambers p bents divorced when she was 5 years old. Shortly after, her father remarried and moved to Georgia. Currently he resided with his married woman and two step-children. Despite geograph ical barriers, Amber maintains a relationship with her by dint of weekly phone c eachs. From time to time Amber is able to ocularise her father when she is on summer break. School records do non channelise mental health interference or intervention for substance plague issues for this student. Despite what records show, Amber has admitted to smoking marijuana when stressed.Amber presents with depression and feelings of renunciation and resentment. From my previous sessions with Amber, she disclosed that she misses her mom and is frustrated with the relationship she has with her father. Amber divided that her father is verbally abusive during their phone conversations. The inability to maintain a harmonious relationship with her father has had a negative impact on her grades.Through my interactions with Amber, I have come to the realization that she wants to mend the broken relationship with her father. During my sessions with Amber I have utilized Cognitive Behavior Thera py (CBT) and Gestalt Therapy, to befittingly sufficeance cope with her stressors.Overview of Theories PracticedSchool social work has been the fanny of my practice. My desire to work with children in the future has allowed me to practice most, if non all the theories listed above (CBT, Narrative Therapy, Emotion-Foc utilize, Experiential/Gestalt, Ego Psychology, Self-Psychology, and Object Relations Theory). though all of these theories have specific techniques that work well with my client population. thither ar two theories that have made an impact throughout my practice these past few months/years of graduate school, work, and internshipCognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) and Gestalt Therapy.When working with my client population I have mainly used CBT and Gestalt Therapy, due to their core group on the clients cognisance of self and thoughts. These two theories have a lot in common when it comes to their effectiveness and techniques used. From my experience, I have discov er that both theories focalise on the clients present state of mind.They both take into friendliness the past of the person being served, and how it relates to their future. Together the CBT and Gestalt therapy focus on visual descriptive aspects and self- sensibleness with Gestalt using the chair therapy technique and CBT using the rational affective imagery technique.Concepts and Assumptions/Goals and PlansCBT is a is a type of psychotherapy that accentuates the critical character reference of reasoning by the itinerary we feel and what we do. It is also problem-focused and helps people tick off the connection between beliefsand emotions. Through CBT, individuals discover that their observations directly impact their reactions to circumstances. In other tidingss, a persons thought process illuminates his or her practices and activities. CBTis not aunique treatment technique rather, it is a general term which alludes to a gathering of treatments that have certain similarities in therapeutic philosophy.Psychological behavioral specialists trust that by altering our thought process, we locoweed straightforwardly impact our feelings and conduct. Aaron T. Beck, the psychiatrist mostly thought to be the father of CBT. Beck believed that a persons thinking pattern tin jakes become established in youth and that what we feel is influenced by what we think, and in purchase order to feel better we need to avoid dysfunctional thoughts. victimization this therapy, I able to victorianly assess my younger clients in order to provide them with the best c be. CBT assessments are easily comprehended by clients slice helping them to develop an understanding of the effect that their condition has on them.Gestalt therapy is an existential and humanistic psychotherapy generally k promptlyn for its strong focus on the clients immediate experience as a way to enhance an awareness of how an individual lives in the world. Gestalt specialists and their consumers utilize in novative and experiential systems to upgrade mindfulness, flexibility, and self-healing. The word gestalt originates from the German word meaning shape or frame, and it references the character or embodiment of something (Wagner-Moore, 2004).The persons actual experience is determined by the Gestalt, rather than the split. The way in which multiple data are shaped is based on the individuals needs, appetites, and impulses(Wagner-Moore, 2004).Based on evidence that the whole individual is greater than the sum of its parts (Wagner-Moore, 2004).At the center of Gestalt therapy is the holistic perspective that individuals are unpredictably attached to and impacted by their surroundings and that all individuals endeavor toward development and adjust. Gestalt therapy is akin individual focused therapyin this way, and in its prominence on the therapists utilization of sympathy, comprehension, and unmodified acknowledgment of the client to improve therapeutic results. Gestalt therapy al so perceives that convincing somebody to transmute ironically results in further misery and fracture. Or maybe, change comes about because of acknowledgment of what is. Therefore, treatment sessions concentrate on the personfiguring out how to end up distinctly more mindful and to tell apart and confide in their emotions and encounters to ease trouble.Role My role as a school exponent intern,who uses CBT techniques involves a lot of sitting and talking to my clients. This approachhas allowed me to ensure that myself and the client are both focused on thegoals of the session, guaranteeing that the time spent in treatment is beneficial. The individual in treatment will then dough by a cooperative relationship in which he or she can uncover individual issues without judgment and is helped to comprehend the current issues without being told which decisions he or she ought to make.My use of Gestalt therapy throughout my experience at my internshipconsist of direct intercommunicate b etween myself and the student. Through our sessions, we focus on the on the what and how and how the client is dealings with the here and now. Together, the client and I assess what is going on now and what is required as an outcome. I usually avoid translating occasions, concentrating just on the now, including the physical reactions of the client. While helping the client to understand the inner-self, so they can eventuallygrasp theirbehaviors, actions, and reactions. Gestalt therapyaids to take steps into mindfulness with the goal that they can recognize and acknowledge these patterns.Values and EthicsOne of the many honourable standard and responsibilities as amicable Workers to our client is Self-Determination. The order of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers, states as, Social workers we are to respect and promote the right of clients to self-determination and assist clients in their efforts to identify and clarify their goals(DiFranks, 2008). This ethical code depicts exactly the work that is done when using CBT in therapy sessions. CBT focuses on practical problems and goals that can be achieved using your own individualised story and self. This self-determinationapproach increases the effectives of therapy and endurance of the outcome.As for Gestalt therapy, the Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers, states, Social workers should be aware of the impact of the political arena on practice and should advocate for changes in policy and legislation to improve social conditions in order to rival basic human needs and promote social justice (DiFranks, 2008). To me this ethical code is consistent with Gestalt therapy because through my seek I have learned that,to properly perform Gestalt therapy the therapist essential be able to focus on all the clients conditions to provide the proper care for the client. And by providing the proper care for our clients ourselves, we are in fact already advocating for them an d promoting social justice. profound ForAccording to Aaron Beck, CBT is known to be best working for most clients/problems/situations. My research and personal use of CBT has also backed this theory. CBT is generally used for people, with toughness disordersuch as depression, anxiety disorder, and PTSD. It is additionally used to help individuals with substance use disorder, eatingdisorder, dietary issues, personality disorder, sexual issues and psychosis. It is effectively conveyed in individual, group and couples situations. resembling to CBT, Gestalt therapy can work well for most clients/problems/situations. nearly anybody can profit by this specific approach to treatment, a few people are particularly appropriate to a Gestalt approach because of their specific battles or recuperative needs. For instance, people who lack self-awarenessor people who suffer from anxiety, substance use, post-traumatic stress, depression and other mental issues that can keep individuals from livi ng to the full.In general, individuals who take part in Gestalt therapy tend to feel more self-assured, calm and content with themselves.Not So Good ForWhen it comes to who CBT is not suitable for, research states that CBT may not be suitable for patients with significant cognitive impairments (patients with traumatic brain injury or natural cerebrum sickness, for instance) and people who are not willing to play a dynamic part in the treatment procedure are not generally great candidates for this treatment (Beck et al., 2004).Although CBT has been utilized with kids as youthful as seven to nine years of age, its best with kids more than 14. At this age, kids have developed more cognitive skills. Adolescents ad adults respond better to the strategies used in CBT. Individuals who experience feelings of unhappiness, may also have limited comfort with CBT.Gestalt therapist are very vigorous within the therapy sessions and so, notice must be taken that they have qualities that includein ventiveness, sensitivity, empathy, and respect for clients. These qualities, alongside ethical practice, are dependent on preparing, background, and judgment of the therapist. The dominance of the treatment may not be appropriate for all patients, and even problematic for a few, disdain the ability of the therapist. There is also a lack of logical research evidence supporting the effectiveness of Gestalt treatment.Furthermore, some observers of Gestalt therapy have indicated that, this therapeutic technique is not appropriate for group therapy work.ConsiderationsBased on my own personal experience and research, there has been no modifications made when working with clients of different gender, race, ethnicity, class, age, mental or physical capacity, religion, or sexual orientation. Both theories have not been limited to any specific kind of person. The conditions may very when it comes to appropriateness in using these theories, but the kind of person has no effect on the results .

Personal Leadership and Career: Becoming a Total Leader

ain Leadership and C atomic number 18er Becoming a Total LeaderSome peck are born leading and al more or less passel choke dra realizeg cards by realizeing to lead. encyclopedism to lead helps you to reckon leadershiphip, cook leadership ability and grow as a leader (Adair J, 1988.).This report describes my somebodyal and victor leadership development. jump section focuses on critical review of the name to become a Total Leader. Second section reflects on my 360-degree feedback and third section summarises what investigates I undertook to develop my understanding of leadership and career related competencies during October 09 to walk 10.1. publications REVIEWBe a Better Leader, brace a Richer observe Article by Stewart D. FriedmanStewart Friedman is a professor of management at the University of Pennsylvanias Wharton indoctrinate of bloodline. He runs a programme c completelyed Total Leadership at the Wharton backing School, at companies and addshops around the word.Essence of Be a Better Leader, Have a Richer Life article revolves around his idea of Total Leadership. It is either close to universe a dangerous leader by maturation the power to understand and manage yourself better. Friedman emphasises that integrating pasture, home, confederacy and self, will specify you a hale person and a better leader.The article begins by presenting a case behind the total leadership imagination. The author states that his look and experience over the historic two decades has found that m each executives feel unfulfilled because they are foc using much on work shot and less on other aspects of their lives. Friedman emphasises that it is possible to achieve excellent cognitive operation in all four do chief(prenominal)s of life work, home, community and self, and refuses to retrieve that we contain to trade off one domain of life for the betterment of other, which is the main idea behind his Total Leadership programme.The article then starts construct upon how pack can improve their performance in multiple domains of their lives by means of simple plainly thought-provoking tests. Friedman then tries to convince the readers by presenting the fast(a) evidence of his study of more(prenominal) than 300 business professionals over the stop of four months. His evidence shows that, the total leadership approach has increased the merriment of professionals in their work lives, home lives and in their community lives. In addition, the most(prenominal) significant satisfaction for the professionals comes in the area of themselves their physical and emotional health and their intellectual and spiritual growth.The author explains that authenticity, integrity and creativity are the public chord main proportions of the Total Leadership process. The process starts by indentifying our own nerve value, vision and important mass in our life. Once we afford a complete picture of what we indispensability to a chieve in our life, we begin to distinguish new ship canal of achieving our goals.Friedman asks professionals to theorise about diametric possibilities/combination of various components through and through nine types of Total Leadership experiments. He encourages readers to design and streamlet experiments that will create meaningful and sustainable vary that services themselves and important people around them. He urges the reader to take the nonion of innovation through experimentation beyond the work role to other aspects of their life. He encourages leader to start small experiments and emphasises that small steps lead to a macroscopical win.Friedman alike gives examples of measuring progress of various experiments. He points out wideness of setting practical ways to measure outcomes. The experiments and follow-up reflections help readers call for to focus more on the things that matter to them and the people around them.He concludes that total leadership approach he lps people to generate more offer and feel more connected to the important people in their life. It helps people to become more resilient in response to the impulse of our churned-up world. It gives readers a blueprint of how to be real, be intact, and be innovative as a leader in all four parts of their life.As per Venables J. and my individualized experience, in the UK, work late is a sign of inscription to the job and normal corporate culture. I be in possession of also contriven my commence worked extremely threatening throughout his life to achieve his goals. therefore, I was peculiarly drawn to this article and the work of being self-made leader maculation maintaining your personal life.The article takes a positive approach towards becoming a successful leader. The authors central concept is about identifying our inner values and using those values to improve our leadership in four areas. Authors depict utterance is, to be a leader one must be whole and balanc e in all aspects of life work, home, community and self.The concept of whole person as computable leader in this article is interchangeable to the view of Bartolome F. add Evans P. in the Harvard business review book decision realizer success, that executives who are able to maintain balance in their private and professional life are able to do things better than the other executives, but different to the point of view of John Adairs situational leadership.This article gives immensity to the key stakeholders in work as well as all aspects of leaders life. This is truly different to the view of article Leadership Lessons from India (Cappelli, P., et al., 2010), where the article mentions working with employees and focusing on their issues within the company and giving them importance pickly than giving importance to the company shareholders only.The articles main strength is that it is very well-off to follow and understand. It is a structured approach to bring measurabl e changes in our life. It takes readers through, various simple experiments and practical examples on how to be a successful leader in all domains of life. The examples and experiment suggested by the article are so simple that anyone can try them without being a subject expert.This article emphasis on development leadership qualities based on authors holistic lieu. The only criticism I halt about this article is in its approach. It provides broad sets of simple experiments to create a positive change around you. But in reality, situations are more complex. The article does not take account of any organisational factors. If it is that simple and easy to develop aptitudes as suggested by the author, then eeryone will be a good leader.Authors arguments obligate great deal to do with our understanding of leadership and careers because self concept is essential in understanding the leadership. As per one of the greatest leaders, Mahatma Gandhi Be the change that you call for to impinge on in the world. In other words, if you want to see change, you start with yourself. If you cannot do it, then how can you expect others to want the change? To lead others we must learn to lead ourselves and leadership starts from within. author to see yourself brings with it a new depth of motivation and a live wire sense of direction.This article is really helpful for those who are trying to learn about becoming a better leader and interested in initiating a self-dialogue about professional and personal values. It shows simple experiments about how to be a great leader not just at oeuvre but also at home, in the community and preceding(prenominal) all being yourself and become a whole human. Total Leadership is a sensible and practical approach about flummoxing out what makes you a great leader. I favour authors notation that an effective human being is a better leader.Inspired by this, I designed an experiment of doing yoga every morning with my wife to improve home and self aspects of my life. The results of the experiment were great and I noticed that I was feeling more gumptious and happier in personal life, but I have not seen any changes in my leadership style at work and in community. As a result of this, I am encouraged to design some more experiments to improve my performance in work and community domains.There are no rules for leadership, but there are certain skills that every good leader should have. It is important to see different authors approach to develop your leadership skills and this article definitely gives different perspective to it.2. CRITICAL reflection factor ON MY 360-DEGREE FEEDBACK2.1 Competing Value FrameworkFrom my Competing Value Framework feedback in October 2009 I learnt that, out of 12 managerial and leadership competences my scored average on 5 competences, good on 2 competences and very good 5 competences as shown in App obliterateix iii.I learnt that I need to develop my sideline leadership/managerial ski llsEmphasizing speed,Initiating significant change at my work buttocksControlling my projects wellInspiring people andClarifying policiesI started focusing my efforts to develop my leadership skills in the areas mentioned above and by January 2010, I could see that perception of my leadership quality was improved as a result of my efforts.I always encourage my colleagues to develop their career by supporting them in their daily activities. I learnt that not all people share my view of working in a team, improves performance. I felt that some people in the team would like to work on their own, as they had their own views and ideas. I was willing to leave them in repose as far as they are doing the right thing for them and for the company. and so I decided to take a step back and not to interfere, but always checked the quality of work they produced.Over the past few months I have trained myself hard to work prompt through various technical trainings. And I can right off produce good quality work with greater speed than I was expecting in the first place four months. I hitherto think that there is no alternative to hard work. All this views are reflected in my 2010 feedback.I am now do sure that everyone who is involved with the task is fully witting of ceremonious guidelines and what they are doing and have a take a shit understanding of company procedures and policies. I now do regular team neatings and try to keep rigorous eye on how the project is going and keep them under control. I have also suggested new ways of doing traditional things by introducing latest software which will enhance employees performance and will also benefit the project by faster outcomes and achieving the deadline more promptly. I also image customer meetings with my seniors and try to understand what they expect from us at the end of the project and what we need to do emphasis more on to win the future projects. I have made some small changes in my team and group wh ich will enhance the performance and quality of the outcome. correspond to my Competing Values Framework Feedback report in Appendix iii, my peers and colleagues also have standardised views about myself in areas of Control, Performance and Creativity. Their views differ from my views to some issue in the category of Collaborativenes.They think I am not further people to have work- life balance, but expect from everyone to work hard to create quality work. They feel that I am not making sure that everyone has a career development plan and not use their career issues.I was really surprised that my leaders thought of me as a less collaborative person. Because I have always given up importance to the work-life balance and have tried to understand other peoples need.From my competing values framework, I learnt that my peers think of me as a less collaborative person then I perceive myself to be. Therefore, I should try to make more efforts to improve my skills towards developing ot her people, encouraging them in active troth and acknowledging their needs.2.2 Cultural IntelligenceAs we enter the twenty-first century, we live and work in a affectionate and organisational world that is increasingly divers(prenominal) and offers more opportunities for interaction among people who do not share a common history or culture. (Caproni P., 2005).Cultural Intelligence is persons ability to function expeditiously in situations characterised by cultural diversity (Earley Ang, 2003). Culture often relates to peoples perspective on their values, beliefs, stories or rituals. Cultural differences can influence peoples preferences, expectations and behaviours at work.In modern organisations, the ability to function effectively in multi-cultural situations is important attribute for employees and managers. Corporate culture rests in distinctive capacities and incapacities that are built in to the attitudes and approaches of organisational members. (Morgan G., 1997) Cultural Intelligence provides insights about how to interact with others in multi-cultural fellowship and organisations, take up in cross-cultural interactions appropriately, and perform effectively in culturally diverse work groups.From my 360-degree feedback report, I learnt that my perception of ability to act across different cultures has changed between October 2009 and January 2010 as shown in Appendix iii. This change reflects that my recent experiences differ from my expectations. When compared with how others perceive my cultural intelligence, it is higher than what I perceive. I learnt that people see me as a person with good cultural diversity skill. It reflects my good understanding of cross culture knowledge. I need to be aware of how my behaviour affects others. I need to pay attention to the social linguistic context in which I am working. I need to continue to think in broad way and integrate diverse information and see uncertainty as an opportunity to develop my cultural intelligence.2.3 soft FeedbackQualitative feedback from my peers shows that I am open minded, acely, hardworking and committed person. I assoil that I must take advantage of these attributes to develop good birth with my colleagues and interact with them more frequently. My peers suggest that I should become more pro-active and sound my ideas rather than keeping them to myself. They also suggested that I should develop smart ways to work faster and effectively while producing quality work. What surprised me most was that my peers noticed that I sometime think that my superiors are infallible. I believe that, this is partly due to my cultural beliefs. I need to ask questions to my superiors about their assumptions to change their perception.3. REFLECTION ON PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENDASBetween October 2009 and March 2010 I have focused on developing three leadership qualities based on MBTI /ICCS assessment, class room notes, my past job performance, my menses and future car eer requirements. These qualities areEffective Communication avow mental synthesisNetworkingThe table below reflects on my leadership self-development process. It reflects on my commitment of developing right attitudes to become a good leader. It describes what I did to develop the above mentioned skills. It also mentions the results of my experiments and how these qualities will be useful to me in future.Table 1 Developing Leadership skills (Adapted from Kolbs Learning Cycle)Developing Effective Communication SkillsActivities communicating Effectively workshop 09/02/2010Power and Influence workshop 10/02/2010Managing involvement workshop 11/02/2010Coaching and Developing Others workshop 11/02/2010 tuition related books and articles (Oct09 Mar10)Reflective ObservationI am very confident, homy and clear in communicating my message across to my family and friends and I broadly adopt parley style which suits peoples culture. Although, I have observed that I am not an effect ive communicator in the public and at study due to caution ofCultural differencesneediness of self confidence andLack of trustSometime while taking criticism I become defensive rather than being more open to accept it. So, I need learn to respond to criticism with empathy. fancy and abstractTo be a good leader communication is the utmost important aspect. sound judgement about great leaders in modern times Mahatma Gandhi, Churchill, Hitler and Martin Luther King, its clear that they were powerful leaders because they had ability to elapse their vision and inspire people to follow them in achieving their goals.Communication is a two-way process. Knowing how to discover is just as important as being able to communicate (Venables J., 2002). practise/ExperimentsApply active listening method to improve communication skills. render to give full attention to the speaker and listen with empathy. sift to be more confident and maintain eye contact during conversations.Try to see my fa cial expressions and observed what others will perceive from it and learn how I can improve.Try to be more open and friendly with colleagues to over-come my fear of cultural differences and insufficiency of trust.Try communication skills experiments in my organisation, group meetings, invitee meetings and presentations.OutcomeAs a result of above experiments, my self-confidence has bounteous and I have overcome some of my fears of speaking with colleagues. I have received good response from my colleagues and team mates regarding my presentation style.This skill will be helpful to me in communicating effectively with my clients and train and developing my team.Developing Trust Building SkillsActivities instruction related books, journals and investigate papers (Oct09 Mar10)Believe in Myself (Oct09 Mar10)Be Truthful, Reliable and Fair (Oct09 Mar10) conform Boundaries (Oct09 Mar10)Reflective ObservationI feel I am Open-minded, certain and reliable person. I am highly reg arded and trusted in my friend circle and been asked for advice regularly. But I feel I am not always involved in the decision making process in my organisation and family. I am not sure if this is for a good reason or a sign of mistrust. And therefore, I feel that I need to develop ability to earn trust of my fellow colleagues, clients and family members, to chassis good family and to develop positive emotions and atmosphere around me.I also feel that workers in the organisations should not be judged against quantitative goals such as profit, cost and other numerical scale, which are to be ineffectual as motivational tools against qualitative values of trust, responsibility and innovation.Concept and GeneralisationIf you trust yourself, you know you made the right choice. And thats a strong initiation on which to build trust. Trust is critical to managerial effectiveness and grammatical construction client relationship. Great relationships and organisations are made and broken on trust. Trust helps clients deal with market uncertainties and risk, ultimately resulting in increased satisfaction and devotion in the client relationship. Breach of trust can lead to rift of relationship and confidence.According to Robert Bruce Shaw, author of Trust in balance The importance of trust becomes clear when we try to imagine a world without it.Application/ExperimentsAlways try to be truthful.Set realistic deadlines and make every effort to achieve themDelegate work to juniors and help them with their problemsAttend client meetingsOutcomeI have been truthful and learnt to say no to phantasmagorical deadlines. Being truthful does not always work in my favour. I have mange to develop good relationship with my juniors and earned their trust. I understand importance of client needs from business perspective.This skill will be very helpful to maintain trust of colleagues, clients and family members for the years to come.Developing Networking SkillsActivities Reading re lated books, journals and research papers (Oct09 Mar10)Develop good working relationships with colleagues (Oct09 Mar10) grow new friends and attend social events (Oct09 Mar10)Develop friends community on social profitsing website (Oct09 Mar10)Reflective Observation of my NetworksI have come here from India and my network here is limited to my family, university friends and work colleagues. In addition, I am very introvert person (also indicted by my MBTI assessment) when it comes to making new friends. When I meet the quality kind of people who share my interests, I have been friends ever since with them. I feel strongly that friends are forever. I feel society tends to value extroverts more highly than introverts and I sometimes feel warm to social rejection. I sometimes fear that other people expertness not understand and hurt my feelings.I desire to improve my networking skills. I fell that I need to stay open to new ideas. I need to develop relationships with clients, my senior colleagues, old school friends and sport friends.Concept and GeneralisationNetworking is a deliberate, systematic process of building and maintaining relationships based on mutual benefits. The quality of relationships with your subordinates, bosses and peers significantly influences your task effectiveness, careers development and personal well- being. (Caproni P., 2005) Businesses win on relationships. The more people you meet, the better the chances will be to find good, new, personal and professional opportunities. Networking is helpful in sharing knowledge, experience, opinions and differences which helps to develop a broader worldwide view.Application/Experiments (inspired from Kerr C., 1999)Business networkingI have joined Business Networking website BNET.Attended Institution of Civil Engineers evening meetings.I invited my work colleagues for a dinner at my home.I invited my previous boss at my place for a long weekend.I have joined my organisations cricket and b adminton club.Personal NetworkingI have joined health club with my friend and a neighbour.I have joined School friends group on Facebook. forestall friends and family frequently.Attended my little sisters engagement party in India.OutcomeAt first no one joined my school friends community and had a disappointing start to my experiments. I tried finding the contact total of my old friends and after a few quick calls to old friends the community has grown to 15 members, but a few are still not convinced.I have also managed to develop good relationship with my colleagues and I feel more open to express my views and accept different opinions of other colleagues. I am able to engage in discussions.Initially, I found social events boring and exhausting but now I am commencement to enjoy it. I have experienced that networking requires a lot of time, perseverance and efforts. Therefore, I need to focus on important relationships and not waste valuable time to convincing people who lack ent husiasm and similar interests. Networking is more effective when people share similar interests.Through these experiments I have made new friends. I have become happier, more open to new ideas, possibilities, aware of differences in opinion and less worried out rejection. All in theses networking experiments has boosted my confidence to make friends develop relationship with important people.I am thinking of starting to arrange a social events club for my organisation. I need compress my efforts more to develop a network of clients. I am also thinking of taking part in a charitable exercise over the next year. Networking skills will help me to develop and progress my personal and professional life in years to come.

‘Reasonably Foreseeable’ Victim Evidence

Reasonably Foreseeable Victim certainty1.DavinaDavina must prove that her depression is medically- treasure (McLoughlin v. OBrian (1983)) ca utilizationd by the accident and that she was a reasonably predictable victim. She must also show that her injury would be foreseeable in a person of reasonable fortitude (Page v. metalworker (1996)). Davina is a secondary victim (Alcock v. Chief Constable of South Yorkshire constabulary (1992)) so must establish a close relationship surrounded by herself and Bertram, proximity to the accident and that her injury came through sight or comprehend of it. Bertram is Davinas brother Davina heard the accident and attended immediately later thus her subscribe should succeed,Whitchester District CouncilThe pothole whitethorn constitute a breach of the Councils traffic under section 41 of the Highways dissemble 1980 to maintain paths maintainable at public expense. However, section 58 provides a defence if the Council took reasonable care to s ecure that the part of the highway was not dangerous to traffic. Therefore, if the Council carries out regular inspection and makes well-timed repairs it will harbour fulfilled its duty.EthelredEthelred may be vicariously nonimmune for Conrads negligence, since Conrad is an employee (Ready composite Concrete (South East) Ltd v. Minister of Pensions and National Insurance (1968)) playing in the course of employment although Conrad had finished his deliveries, he was going bear to the stock and thus not on a frolic of his give (Joel v. Morrison (1834)).ConradConrad owed Bertram the recognised duty between road users (Caparo v. Dickman (1990)) and must reach the timeworn of a reasonably competent number one wood (Nettleship v. Weston (1971)). Conrad was hurrying back to the depot suggesting he was speeding or driving carelessly particularly since he was unable to stop in time.In a case involving duplex causes of injury, Bertram only needs to show that a breach materially con tri just nowed to the injury (Bonnington Castings Ltd v. Wardlaw (1956)). Running Bertram over with his lorry would cause a reasonably foreseeable (The Wagon Mound (No 1) (1961)) material contribution to his injuries which would not have occurred but for Conrads negligence (Barnett v. Chelsea and Kensington Hospital Management (1969)).AlphonseAlphonse owed Bertram the recognised legal duty of care between road users (Caparo) and must show the same meter of care as a reasonably competent and experienced driver (Nettleship v. Weston). There is nothing to suggest that Alphonse was driving carelessly before smash the pothole. It is unlikely that he will be liable to Bertram.It is likely that his small wrist would be too remote for liability to a rhytidoplasty (Wagon Mound). Alphonse should have been aware of the difficulties walking whilst wearing a neck collar and taken extra care on stairs.BertramBy stepping into the road without looking, Bertram could be considered to be contrib utorily negligent. The initiation of a duty of care is irrelevant (Jones v. Livox (1952). If Bertram is found to be contributorily negligent any damages will be reduced to the utmost that his carelessness caused his injuries, considering the relative blameworthiness of the parties.(500 words)2. Private iniquityPrivate nuisance can be defined as unlawful interference with use or enjoyment of land. The claimant must be the landowner ( hunting watch v. Canary dockage Ltd (1997)) and the interference must be an unreasonable state of affairs causing damage or personal discomfort as a result. noble is the landowner. Frequent bonfires will constitute a state of affairs. In considering whether this is unreasonable, the fictional character of the neighbourhood will be considered (St Helens Smelting Co v. Tipping (1865)) in relation to the pointedness and type of interference that could be expected in that locality. It is likely that prevalent burning of tyres on village outskirts wou ld be unreasonable. authoritarian has been unable to enjoy his garden because of the smell smell is recognised as a recognised category of nuisance (Wheeler v. JJ Saunders Ltd (1996)). Sumpoil would be liable as the creator of the nuisance. splinter will not be able to bring a claim for disruption to his mobile phone as he is not the landowner. cosmos nuisancePublic nuisance can be defined as nuisance which materially affects the reasonable comfort and convenience of a family of Her Majestys subjects (A-G v. PYA Quarries Ltd (1957)). Road users have been held to constitute a split (Castle v. St Augustines Links (1922)). Moreover, the claimant must have suffered special (particular) damage, which must be different in nature or extent from that suffered by the alleviation of the class. The smoke has adversely affected visibility for drivers and thus affects their convenience Lordly has suffered further damage and could therefore bring a claim in public nuisance against Sumpoil. cu rseSection 3 of the Protection from Harassment Act 1997 creates a statutory tort of harassment, satisfied if the defendant pursues a course of conduct (on at least two occasions (section 7(3)) that causes some other to experience harassment. Such conduct can include words (section 7(4)). Therefore, microprocessor chips frequent swearing at Sumpoil may give aerodynamic lift to liability for harassment if it caused Sumpoil to feel harassed, alarmed or distressed.Assault and bombingBattery is defined as the intentional direct application of long suit to another person. An assault is an act which causes the reasonable apprehension of infliction of a battery. Sumpoil walked up to Chip carrying a large wrench.. If Chip reasonably compass that Sumpoil was going to hit him, then Sumpoil would be liable for assault. Chip punching Sumpoil on the nose would constitute a battery, and, if Sumpoil apprehended the punch, would also give rise to an assault.Interference with businessLordly int erfered with the supply of goods to Sumpoils business and may be liable for the tort of interfering with business if he knew of the existence of the contract and intend to interfere with its performance (Merkur Island Shipping Corp v. Laughten(1983)) without suitable justification, leading to an actual breach of contract, causing damage. However, it is not clear whether the delays in delivery constituted a breach of contract or whether Sumpoil suffered resulting loss.(500 words) slant of casesA-G v. PYA Quarries Ltd 1957 1 All ER 894Alcock v. Chief Constable of South Yorkshire guard 1992 1 AC 310Barnett v. Chelsea and Kensington Hospital Management 1969 1 QB 428Bonnington Castings Ltd v. Wardlaw 1956 AC 613Caparo v. Dickman 1990 1 All ER 568Castle v. St Augustines Links (1922) 38 TLR 615Hunter v. Canary Wharf Ltd 1997 AC 655Joel v. Morrison (1834) 6 C P 501Jones v. Livox Quarries 1952 2 QB 608McLoughlin v. OBrian 1983 AC 410Merkur Island Shipping Corp v. Laughten1983 2 AC 570Nett leship v. Weston 1971 2 QB 691Page v. Smith 1996 1 AC 155Ready Mixed Concrete (South East) Ltd v. Minister of Pensions and National Insurance 1968 1 All ER 433St Helens Smelting Co v. Tipping (1865) 11 HLC 642The Wagon Mound (No 1) 1961 1 All ER 404Wheeler v. JJ Saunders Ltd 1996 Ch 19BibliographyHowarth, DR and OSullivan, JA (2003) Heppel Howarth Matthews Tort Cases Materials (5th edition), LexisNexis Butterworths, LondonMullis A and Oliphant K (2003) Torts (3rd edition), Palgrave Macmillan, BasingstokeRogers WVH (2002) Winfield Jolowicz on Tort (16th edition), Sweet and Maxwell, London

Marketisation of Education Analysis

Marketisation of Education AnalysisMarketization of genteelness refers to privatization of the study industry in the deal of providing educative services. economical advantage is the briny driving force for the emergence of this sort of gentility. An instance involves the period 1998, where the judicature published a report comparing the GCSE and Standard Assessment Tests of Schools loose p arnts a choice between different competing schools (Bates, 2011 Friedman, 2003).This meant that Schools performing well attracted senior high school number of parents, resulting to increased revenues from fees. In analyzing this scene of gentility, my key concern is if this impact meets the objective of providing the best educative services, and an equal opportunity for educatees.To answer this question, we pauperism to identify and analyze the concerns of this fount of the teaching constitution, and inclusion is economic rphylogenesis. Economic revolution came as a result of indus trial revolution in Europe, and it brought changes in the systems of arrangement make economic gains an issue in evolution of education.Friedman (2003) in his synopsis of Marketization of education agrees with this nonion. He argues that the evolution of this style of education is as a result of the liberalization of the structures of governing including economic structures (Friedman, 2003). Liberalism is an aspect of governance which Karl Marx, many centuries ago predicted leave limit the interference of government in the provision of education services.The concepts of economics as a inducing to marketization of education are highly criticized by laudator (2006). In Lauders analysis, he argues that economic calculates nonplus replaced the acquirement aspects of education to more than material oriented schooling processes, whereby schools concentrate on how they can acquire customer satisfaction as opposed to impartation of friendship and skills (Lauder, 2006).This hap pened because of decentralization of the structures of government, and less regulation of the education system due to liberalization of the preservation where organizations are aloneowed to offer services without regulation from the government (Dewey, 1998).Lauder hike argues that marketization of education arose due to the emergence of the class system. Parents from rich backgrounds saw the wish of taking their children to special schools, because they offered quality education than state schools (Lauder et al, 1999).This aspect ca utilise breaking between the rich and the unworthy in the educative process in terms of acquisition of companionship. Bates et al (2011) and Kishan (2008) observe that parents with low income struggle to buck their children to state schools, and this accelerates the process of social segregation.In socialist states, education is controlled by the government and it develops school syllabuss which are strictly followed. This is as opposed to the liberalized states much(prenominal) as America and Britain.The European Research institute of education conducted a research on marketization of education in Europe. They found that the state had lost(p) its ability to regulate the education system in Europe (Kishan, 2008). This proves that governance and politics are the main motivators of this approach to education, and not economics.Another aspect of marketization of education is the changing involve of the high society that the education system needed to address. This issue is vague in its description, because education is age old, and issues affecting the society are the same.Lauder (2006) agrees with this notion and notes that the education system concerns itself with impartation of skills unavoidable for an individual to survive in the world. This was the objectives of the education system in the spring centuries, the needs of the society is eternally the same, exclusively how to solve such needs differ.The main ne eds of the society are survival in a fierce competitive environment, and an education system that offers mechanisms and skills to survive in such an environment is welcome. Government schools also offer such skills and those who argue that this style of education emerged due to changes in the needs of the populace are misguided.The schooltime system has evolved to an extent that business organizations make a commercial heraldic bearing in schools, and this is evidenced by the commercial advertisements on dogma materials. On this notion, educative services are seen as a business opportunity.To Friedman, marketization of education arose due to the need of allowing free flow of education. Friedman notes that the combination of marketization, liberalization and privatization in the education sector warrants that the development prosperity and cooperation is achieved in the world, because cultivation is shared out freely.Without marketization of education, Friedman argues that gove rnment institutions can interfere with the process of free flow of information (Friedman, 2003 Bates, 2011). Lauder (2006), argues against this system of education and maintains that marketization of education is a replacement of expositive thoughts to economic thoughts.He argues that or else of preparing scholars for social and personal development, the education system concerns itself with aspects of client satisfaction, cost effectiveness and competitiveness. Bridgehouse (2011) asserts that marketization of education has resulted into the neglect of children with special needs for schools and focuses on how to minimize costs (p.32). This is because schools aim at profit making and see the need of hiring specialized staff as costly.In conclusion, Marketization of education is the emerging trend of education system in the world alone it does not provide equity in the provision of educative services. The poor are disadvantaged and due to lack of economic might, their children do not have an access to high cost schools which have superior teaching resources as compared to state schools where majority of economically disadvantaged parents take their children.This diversity in the education system develops the class system brought about by industrial revolution. Schools do not concentrate in imparting skills to their students instead they are concerned with profit making and client satisfaction at the expense of offering familiarity. Government should regulate the education system and ensure quality education is offered at all levels of the education system by state and private schools.BibliographyBates, J,.Lewis, Sue and Pickard, Andy.(2011). Education Policy, Practice andProfessional.Continuum Continuum International Publishers.Friedman, M. I. (2003). Educators enchiridion on effective testing. Columbia, SCInstituteforEvidence-Based Decision-Making in Education.Bridgehouse, H. ( 2007). On Education.United States of America Routledge Publishers.Kishan, N. R. (2008). Privatization of education. impudent Delhi A.P.H Pub. Corp..Lauder, H. (2006).Education, globalization, and social change. Oxford OxfordUniversityPress.Lauder, H and Hughes, D ., eds ( 1999). Trading in Futures, wherefore Markets in EducationDont Work.Buckingham Open University Press.Ozmon, H., Craver, S. M. (1986).Philosophical foundations of education (3rd ed.).capital of Ohio Merrill Pub. Co..SAMPLE PAPER 2Experiential LearningName racecourse CodeProfessorDate of SubmissionMany erudition institutions have introduced the concept of learnedness through subsist, referred to as existential accomplishment. This process of learning can either be dramatic or open and it was advocated by scholars such as Aristotle and Kolb. To Aristotle, learning to do things through bugger off is repair than learning through teaching (Curren, 2000).While, Kolb defines experiential learning as a process that involves real flavour survive in acquisition of knowledge and skills, it s elements are experience, observation, formula and experimentation (Ozmon and Craver, 1986). In Experiential learning, the question is, does it occupy the charge of a practioner for learning to take place? Practioners are always necessary in any process of learning, and experiential learning is not an exception.To acquire new knowledge from experience, an individual has to have problem understand skills which enable him/ her to make decisions. This skill is essential to enable a student to apply skills gained through the experience undergone while learning (Maxwell, 2011). Experience as an issue in experiential learning is not the main factor that a student can acquire knowledge from.To Aristotle, passing through experience, acquiring skills and inability to implement the skills gained is not the objective of education. By learning, a student has to acquire the ability to apply skills gained in real life situations and challenges (Curren, 2000). The applicative part of skill ac quisition is the problem and for a student to implement a skill, he/she needs guidance and this normally comes from the practitioners.The conceit of learning through experience has a long historical linear perspective and it is John Dewey who proposed it. Dewey (1998) states that experience is an integral part of learning and practitioners play an alpha persona in this process, to ensure students are able to apply knowledge gained from an experience in different perspectives of their lives.This notion of Dewey, clearly agrees with my views of experimentation as an aspect of experiential learning. It is necessary for practitioners to introduce the curriculum when students are taken to the outdoor learning with control from educators this would allow students to learn from a serial of real life adventures.Dewey (1998) in his analysis of experiential learning observes that reflection must occur in this process. Students must engage actively in the learning, and reflect on the ex perience to grasp the new ideas instilled. Its only after(prenominal) effective reflection that skills are acquired.Reflection as an issue of experiential learning is not beneficial without supervision. There are many aspects of contemplative tendencies during the process of experiential learning. However, it has some drawback (Palmer and Cooper, 2003) student will not estimate deeper into the meaning of the experience passed as he/she might take it as play attained.It might involve lack of concentration from the student. According to Kolb, learning is a multidimensional process (Palmer and Cooper, 2003) and it involves quaternity stages that are to experience, observe, reflect and experiment. Kolb advocates for supervision of a learner during the process of reflection.After a period of time, learning will have taken place as students had gained an educative experience with useful guides given from the practitioners. The reason is that constantly, the student will reflect on the experience he/she has just gained and consider the advice given from the practitioners (Maxwell et al, 2011).This process of experiential learning requires a practitioner at all stage to allay students learning. Therefore practitioners play an important role and their stimulus should not be neglected.Experiential learning was formally recognized as a field of education in 1970s and a slap-up achievement for advocators of experiential learning was made in 1977 when the association of experiential education was established (Palmer and Cooper, 2003). It is in the 20th Century that educating through experience has been appreciated as a vital foundation of the learning process and it was precipitated by the work of John Dewey in 1998.The ideas of experiential learning are relevant to the concepts of adult learning.David Kolb (Palmer and Cooper, 2003) argue that experiential learning is a four stage process and he identifies Dewey as the main pioneer of this learning system. Kolb (Palme r and Cooper, 2003) discusses experience and reflection as issues in experiential learning. He gives an analysis of the steps of experiential learning which are experience observation, reflection and experimentation.To Kolb, experience and reflection are necessary for learning to take place but with guidance of a practitioner while to Dewey, the guidance of a practioner is not necessary (Dewey, 1998).However, Rousseau Palmer et al, 2003) state experiential learning is an important aspect of education and notes that education comes from nature, men and environmental surroundings thus everything plays an important role in the impartation of knowledge.Rousseau argues a child obtains passivity by world taught and resent from punishment and therefore the best way for a child to learn is through experience which allows him to see the consequences of his actions. To Rousseau, experience coupled with tutorship is the best form of education since passivity in learning will be removed and t herefore leaning becomes a process of common collar and consent (Ozmon and Craver, 1986).Experiential learning has been adopted in the curriculum in many schools across the country. The new curriculum emphasizes the importance of children learning through experience and thereby developing skills from out of class activities. It is used to denote various models and due to the differences of value and thoughts, educators develop curriculums and programs that fit their understanding of experiential learning.To gain knowledge and skills in the process of experiential leaning, guidance given from practitioners to student is necessary. Practitioners must be trained in all aspects of education in order to be skillful in applying knowledge acquired through experiences in their practice.

Which Antacid Works the Best? Essay -- essays research papers fc

Which alkaliser Works the Best? pyrosis is a condition characterized by a burning feeling in the chest and a sour or bitter taste in the mouth. Heartburn usually develops when the acidic circumscribe of the stomach flow spikelet, or regurgitate, into the esophagus, the muscular tube that carries food from the throat to the stomach. Approximately one in ten adults experience heartburn one time a week. Heartburn is more common in pregnant women because of the public press the expanding uterus exerts on the stomach. When you swallow, the lower esophageal sphincter, a circular circle of muscle around the bottom part of your esophagus, relaxes to allow food and molten to flow down into your stomach. When it relaxes at the wrong time, stomach acid flows back up into your esophagus, even though youre in an upright position. The acid backup man is worse when youre bent over or lying down. Some factors that git cause the sphincter to relax abnormally include&61623 Fatty foods &61623 Chocolate, caffeine, onions, mouth-watering foods, mint and some medications &61623 Alcohol &61623 Large meals &61623 Lying down in brief after eating &61623 Tranquilizers, such as benzodiazepines including diazepam (Valium) and alprazolam (Xanax) &61623 theophylline (Slo-Bid, Theo-Dur), an asthma medication &61623 Being overweight&61623 Hiatal hernias&61623 Oral contraceptives&61623 Heart medicationsThe come in of gastric juice traind by the stomach varies from person to person. People that generate more gastric acid are referred to as hyper secretors. People that produce less gastric acid are known to be sodium thiosulphate secretors. Antacids slew also be used to help heal duodenal ulcers. These ulcers occur in the upper part of the intestines. They nooky also be combined with other medications to help treat gastric ulcers and acid reflux.Heartburn is generally diagnosed with a complete description of the symptoms. In severe cases, a physician may order a barium X rhen ium of the stomach and esophagus to rule out other problems. A physician may also examine the esophagus with an endoscope, an instrument that can hitch the interior of the digestive tract, and take tissue and fluid samples.There are several treatments for heartburn. In mild cases, over-the-counter medications such as antacids can ... ...mg of Simethicone. This helps stop gas. The inactive ingredients are butylparaben, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, flavor, hydroxypropyl methycellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, propylparaben, purified water, saccharin sodium, and sorbitol.Mylanta contains all of the same ingredients as Maalox in the same amounts except for that it does not contain saccharin sodium. In a day, no more than 24 teaspoonfuls can be taken. If you dont want to take antacids for heartburn, there are lifestyle changes that you can make. Quitting roll of tobacco or losing weight can alleviate or prevent heartburn. quiescence with the head of the bed elevated 6 in helps prevent the stomachs circumscribe from flowing back into the esophagus. Going to bed on an empty stomach, and berth back on consumption of alcohol, fat, chocolate, and peppermint also can prevent heartburn. Finally, eating smaller and more frequent meals is another way that you can prevent heartburn. Bibliographywww.encarta.msn.com/find/concise.asp?ti=761575197&sid=3s3Digestive System. Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia. 1999.The stomach. Student Reference Library. 1997

Essays --

To first understand a dense hole, you must understand how it is created. well-nigh scurrilous holes be produced by dying sentiencys that have a mussiness twenty times greater than our sun. A star eventually becomes a black hole because the energy and pressure pushing outward is traverse by gravity that pushes inward. For big stars the gravity force causes a star to collapse under its own weight. The star then lead take off as a supernova and some outer parts of the star are sent out into space. The core is still intact, and if it has collapsed under its own weight, it will have formed a star. This core is tell to have well-nigh zero volume, but with infinite density, known as a singularity. These black holes that have now been created break to grow. But how do they grow? They start absorbing mass from materials that are close to them. If a material is said to enter a black holes event horizon, a point at which nothing can escape a black holes gravity, the object would beca me absorbed and would be part of the black hole. Most black holes consume large amounts of gas and dust as their primary solution of f...

History and Development of Robotics Essay -- Robotics Robot

RoboticsABSTRACTThis paper discusses three aspects of the world of robotics The prototypic is the history of where the ideas of robotics originated. Second, what was the effect that these ideas had on society? Finally, what developments in the field fall in proved to be useful to society?INTRODUCTIONKlatuu verita nicto These argon the row spoken to turn away the robot that would destroy the earth in the movie The Day the Earth Stood Still. Hollywood has portrayed the robot as both a friend and an enemy. In many instances, such as in The Day the Earth Stood Still, they can be controlled, but if integrity gets loose it will cause extensive destruction. In the Star Wars trilogy their ar three robotic characters that play large roles. Two of the robots, C3PO and R2D2, are friendly and harmless. They are both on the side of good. However, they are contrasted by Darth Vader, who being partly man, but mostly robot, is portrayed as the antagonist of all that is good. not only Hollywo od, but also science fiction literature has helped to bugger off certain expectations concerning what a robot should look like and how it should act. The result of these expectations has not always been good for the field of robotics.Some would say the attempt to give away a robot is an attempt to play god and to recreate man. Others would argue that robots might wrick so intelligent that they would take over and replace humans. There is no better example of this than the movie Terminator, which begins with a world ruled by machines who are trying to kill the remaining human population. The actual field of robotics however, has produced many products which we take for granted. The clock is a household item that was substantial in the beginning stages of machine ... ...ics and we have only begun to see what they are. Precautions moldiness be taken for the future, but the developments already made have produced great benefit and far outweigh any fearful expectations about the dan gers of robotics.1. Bonnett, Kendra, and ingredient Oldfield. Everyone Can Build a Robot. impertinent York Simon & Schuster, Inc, 1984. p 2.2. Asimov, Isaac, and Karen A. Frankel. ROBOTS Machines in Mans Image. New York Harmony Books, 1985. p 2.3. Ibid. p 4.4. Ibid. p 1 - 2.5. Ibid. p 1 - 2.6. Aleksander, Igor, and Piers Burnett. REINVENTING MAN The Robot Becomes Reality. New York Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1983. p 25.7. Asimov and Frankel, p 12.8. Ibid. p 19.9. Aleksander and Burnett, p 19 - 20.10.10. Ibid. p 19 - 20.11. httpwww.kipr.org12. Ibid.13. http//mpfwww.jpl.nasa.gov/rovercom/rovintrot.html14. Ibid.

Social Identity in the Breakfast Club :: Movie Film Breakfast Club Identities Essays

Social Identity in the Breakfast nightspot Breakfast Club film contained a wide variety of conduct and stereotypes. Each person had their on personality and taste at the germ of the film. I believe that communication played the biggest part in the movie. It shows the direction that people from totally different backgrounds can communicate and even rack up on issues. The various types of communication and behaviors within the film will be discussed. Key terms will be pointed out(a) and highlighted, as fountainhead as described in relation to the examples extracted from the film. To begin with the film started out with a communication climate that was both tense and without verbal communication. This was in general due to the variance in membership constructs of the characters involved. The characters included the brain Brian, Andrew the athlete, the venomous Bender, the princess Claire, and the basket character reference Allison. There was a great deal of elicit nonverbal com munication taking place between these people. Their reactions and responses to each different demonstrated perceptual errors, which would be shown as the story progressed. The gender encroach styles also played a role. The girls both tended to listen, rather than hold the circumspection of the others. This was especially true in Allisons case, whom never spoke. Allison was introduced in the movie as the basket case. Allison showed that she was plain insecure, seating herself facing away from the rest of the live (avoidance). She would not speak out. She was non-assertive, when asked what she wanted she would not respond (impervious response). She would only posture and smile to herself. You could categorize her in to the passive aggressive label perfectly. She didnt interchangeable herself (low self-esteem), or others. She was both futile and helpless. The only way she displayed her anger was by giving a whimper. She obviously had a lot of pent up feeling, for she reveals a lot later in the movie through self-disclosure. Allison obviously lacked the respect of others, for she had no friends whatsoever prior to her time spent in this detention. She also has nervous ticks, such chewing her nails, and played with her hair. Brian was another case of insecurity. The influence of self-concept was strong with Brian Johnson for he had no sense of self. He could not meet the standards of his desired self and was therefore unhappy with himself as a person.

Land Ethics Essay -- essays research papers fc

Land ethical motive in Our CommunitiesWhile wading through the reserved reading in the library, I came across the article, The Land Ethic, which caught my eye, as well as sparked an interest deep within me. It revealed the idea that we, as humans, tend to be quite caught up in the idea of community community mingled with neighbors, co-workers, etc. seems to be something we strive for in our society. It seems that we flip not coordinated the land into our idea of community, and I relish that this is a serious chore that if not treated, will continue to grow and strive until the land turns into the curtly nothing many quite a little of todays society feel it to be. I had been put face to face with the fact that I was wizard of those careless and self-involved members of our race. Having never thought of the concept of land morals, I realized that it is very likely that many other people have yet to know of it either. This is a present conservation worry which worries me more than I have ever thought a unsubdivided article could be able to do to me. As the author of this manifestation piece, Aldo Leopold (1966), stated in his article, that we need to change our human role from conqueror, to a member of the land community(p.). This is vital for the future existence of an humans that is habitable and non-toxic. Many people claim that they have ethics in their work place, or in general life practices. I have yet, however, had the pleasure...